Japanese martyrs

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Friday, 6 February 2026 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today as we all listened to the words of the Sacred Scriptures, we are being reminded that each and every one of us as Christians, that is as those whom the Lord had called and chosen, all of us ought to live our lives as best as we can according to what He Himself has shown and taught us to do. We should always be exemplary in our every actions, words and deeds. We may not be good and steady at all times, and we are imperfect by nature, but that does not mean we cannot strive to do our best to live virtuously and righteously as our holy predecessors had done. We must remember that even the greatest of the saints were themselves sinners and they also struggled with sin, but they did their best to overcome it and following the Lord ever more faithfully.

In our first reading today, taken from the Book of the prophet Sirach, we heard of the conclusion of our past few weeks’ readings from the story of the life of the first Kings of Israel, Saul and David, particularly that of David, whose life, reign and exploits as king we have heard in these past few weekdays. King David was born in a family in Bethlehem in Judah as the youngest son and did not seem destined for great things, but he had great love for God and for his fellow brethren, and God called him to be the one to lead and shepherd His people Israel, as the King to succeed Saul in ruling over the people of God. And we heard from the prophet Sirach a summary of David’s life and reign, in how he has been truly an exemplary servant of God.

And we heard how David remained firmly faithful and full of love for God and His people, and while also acknowledging his sins and faults, being an imperfect person he was just as we all are, David has always allowed the Lord to guide him in his path and correct him whenever he had fallen into his faults and mistakes, in his sins and disobedience against God. And God therefore chose him to be the ruler over all of Israel, and established a new Covenant with him and his family, much as He had done with Abraham and his descendants, that the rulership over Israel would always belong to his line and family, something that the Lord kept firm and true, and up to the coming of the Messiah, Our Lord Jesus Himself, Who was born into the House of David and therefore brought the promises of God to perfect completion.

Then, in contrast, we heard from our Gospel passage today the story of how the faithful servant of God, St. John the Baptist was martyred at the hands of the then king of Galilee, Herod and his unlawful wife, Herodias, who was the wife of Herod’s brother Philip. It was highly implied and also by historical evidence that Herod married Herodias when Philip himself was still alive, and hence such a union was considered as improper and also adulterous in nature. When St. John the Baptist criticised the king and the queen, Herodias especially took offence at the opposition and criticism from the man of God, and wanted to kill him whenever she had the opportunity, while Herod was the one who was still considering and treating St. John the Baptist with respect even when he had imprisoned the latter.

We heard then of how Herodias had her chance when Herod was hosting a banquet and became drunk, when Herodias set her own daughter to seduce the king and obtain from him promises and oaths which then became his own trap, as Herodias through her daughter demanded that Herod execute St. John the Baptist right away and bring her the man of God’s head on a platter. And that was how Herod and Herodias both committed great sins against God by their refusal to follow the Lord and obey His Law and commandments, and instead, giving in to the temptations of worldly desires, pleasures and ambitions, something that we have been reminded to be careful of and to be vigilant against.

And as Christians, all of us are called to shine with the light of God’s truth and love, and our lives should be sources of inspiration and hope for many others, in how we live our lives centred on Him and His Law and commandments, and how our actions, words and deeds truly proclaim the glory and greatness of God, and full of the same love which God has lavished on us and which we now are expected to embody and show in our own daily living as well. We have the saints and the martyrs throughout the history of the Church to look upon for examples, and today in particular, I want all of us to look upon the great examples shown by St. Paul Miki and his Companions, the Twenty-Six Holy Martyrs of Japan, who were martyred a few centuries ago in terrible persecution, and whose faith and courage inspired many ever since.

St. Paul Miki and his Companions in martyrdom lived through during difficult time to be Christians in Japan. After having enjoyed a great period of flourishing and rapid expansion, which saw hundreds of thousands being converted and brought up in the Christian faith in Japan, during the last years of the Warring Periods, the authorities then under the leadership of Toyotomi Hideyoshi began to become suspicious and hostile against Christians, and began a period of increasingly intense persecution against the followers of the Lord. Due to the misunderstandings and political rivalries at that time, and fear of the foreign influences, Christian missionaries and laymen alike were persecuted, and twenty-six of them, including St. Paul Miki, a Jesuit seminarian studying to become a priest, were arrested and condemned to death.

They were ordered to march from the Imperial Capital of Kyoto towards the city of Nagasaki in western part of Japan, where the biggest Christian population and community was, a distance of almost a thousand kilometres on foot, while being tortured and humiliated along the way. Yet, St. Paul Miki and his Companions remained firm in their faith and stayed courageous and true to their commitment to God, and it was told that they sang the ‘Te Deum’ hymn all throughout the entire journey to their martyrdom. In Nagasaki, atop the hill where a shrine now stands in their honour, the Twenty-Six Holy Martyrs were crucified and impaled with lances, and were martyred for their continued dedication to God, glorifying God by their faith and life. They inspired many other Christians who remained firm in their Christian calling and devotion.

Brothers and sisters in Christ, having heard of the great faith and conviction of the Holy Martyrs of Japan, St. Paul Miki and his Companions, let us all therefore dedicate ourselves to the Lord in the same way as well. Let us all commit ourselves to live our lives most worthily so that we may indeed glorify the Lord by our lives, and that we may carry out whatever vocations and calling that the Lord has called us all to do, and blessed us with the gifts and talents for. May the Lord continue to guide and strengthen us in our journey of faith through life. St. Paul Miki and Companions, Holy Martyrs of Japan, pray for us! Amen.

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Friday, 6 February 2026 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Gospel Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Mark 6 : 14-29

At that time, king Herod also heard about Jesus, because His Name had become well-known. Some people said, “John the Baptist has been raised from the dead, and that is why miraculous powers are at work in Him.” Others thought, “He is a prophet like the prophets of times past.” When Herod was told of this, he thought, “I had John beheaded, yet he has risen from the dead!”

For this is what had happened : Herod had ordered John to be arrested, and had had him bound and put in prison because of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip. Herod had married her, and John had told him, “It is not right for you to live with your brother’s wife.”

So Herodias held a grudge against John; and wanted to kill him, but she could not, because Herod respected John. He knew John to be an upright and holy man, and kept him safe. And he liked listening to him, although he became very disturbed, whenever he heard him.

Herodias had her chance on Herod’s birthday, when he gave a dinner for all the senior government officials, military chiefs, and the leaders of Galilee. On that occasion the daughter of Herodias came in and danced; and she delighted Herod and his guests. The king said to the girl, “Ask me for anything you want and I will give it to you.”

And he went so far as to say with many oaths, “I will give you anything you ask, even half my kingdom.” She went out and said to her mother, “What shall I ask for?” The mother replied, “The head of John the Baptist.” The girl hurried to the king and made her request, “I want you to give me the head of John the Baptist, here and now, on a dish.”

The king was very displeased, but he would not refuse in front of his guests because of his oaths. So he sent one of his bodyguards with orders to bring John’s head. He went and beheaded John in prison; then he brought the head on a dish and gave it to the girl. And the girl gave it to her mother.

When John’s disciples heard of this, they came and took his body and buried it.

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Friday, 6 February 2026 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Psalm)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Psalm 17 : 31, 47 and 50, 51

This God – His way is perfect; the word of YHVH can stand fire. He is a shield for those who seek refuge in Him.

YHVH lives! Praised be my Rock! Exalted be my Saviour God. For this I extol You, o YHVH, among the nations; I will sing praise to Your Name.

He has given victories to His king; He has shown His love to His anointed ones, to David, and to his descendants forever.

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Friday, 6 February 2026 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (First Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Sirach 47 : 2-13

As fat is selected from the peace offering, so David was chosen from among the Israelites. He played with lions and bears as if they were lambs or young goats. He was still young when he slew a giant, to restore the honour of his people; with a sling he aimed a stone that killed the arrogant Goliath.

He invoked the Lord Most High, who gave him strength to slay a mighty warrior, and so exalt the power of his people. So they glorified him for his ten thousands and praised him as a blessing from the Lord when he was chosen king. For he wiped out his enemies on all sides and annihilated his adversaries, the Philistines, crushing their power forever.

In all that he did, he gave thanks to the Most High, and showed his love for his Maker by singing with all his heart. He placed singers accompanied by harps before the Altar to make beautiful music; he gave splendour to feasts and even greater magnificence to the more solemn occasions, exalting the Holy Name of the Lord and having the Sanctuary ring with His praises from early morning.

The Lord forgave David’s sins and established his power forever; He made a Covenant with him for the benefit of the kings and gave him a glorious throne in Israel. A wise son succeeded him and fared well because of him. Solomon reigned during times of peace, and God gave him rest from war to enable him to build a house for His Name, a Sanctuary that would stand forever.

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Thursday, 6 February 2025 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today as we listened to the words of the Sacred Scriptures, we are all reminded of the mission and vocation that each and every one of us as Christians, as God’s holy people, as His disciples and followers had been entrusted with. All of us have been given the various responsibilities, missions and all the things that we are supposed to do in our world today, amongst our communities and our circles of friends, families and to everyone whom we encounter daily in life. We should keep in mind how blessed and fortunate all of us have been, to be beloved and taken care of by the Lord, Who has patiently kept His attention on us, in His persistent and patient love for us, despite our frequent disobedience and rebelliousness, that He still always provide us the path and the assurance to return to Him, so that we may be forgiven from our sins and be truly reconciled with Him.

In our first reading today, taken from the Epistle to the Hebrews, we heard of the words of the author recounting the events of the moment when the Israelites, the ancestors of the Jewish community to whom he was addressing in this Epistle, encountered the Lord at the moment of their time in Mount Sinai, the Mountain of God. The author recounted the events that happened and how terrifying signs and wonders occurred on that day, with great thunder and loud sounds, as the glory of God descended to the mountain, to the people that He has chosen and loved. Yet, the author also reminded the people of the reality of just how fortunate all of them had been because God had come into their midst and how they all have been called to share in the glorious inheritance that He had intended for all of them.

Therefore, at the same time, the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews reminded the faithful among the Jewish community about the greatness of God and why they ought to worship Him as their one and only God, and at the same time also highlighting how God, despite being great beyond compare and transcendent, Almighty and all-glorious, but He also loves all of His children equally, wanting all of them to share in His love, and He has called on all of them to come to Him, to share in the joy of their loving Father, Who created them out of love, and Who showed them how they could return to Him through all the guidance and help that He has provided to them. God reminded His people therefore through this Epistle that He has made Himself available top us, and He did this especially through none other than His own only Begotten Son, Our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

Then, in our Gospel passage today, we heard of the moment when the Lord Jesus sent out His disciples on mission, in pairs as He gave them the commandment to carry out the works He entrusted to them, giving them the power and authority to heal the sick and perform various miracles, casting out demons and doing many other good works that He has tasked them all to do, to spread forth and expand ever further the reach of God’s love and care for His people, His beloved ones. And this is yet another reminder for us of the great love which God has for each and every one of us, showing us just how generous He has been in caring for us and in His desire to see us liberated from the tyranny of sin and death, offering us all freely His salvation through His Son, Our Lord and Saviour.

And through what we heard in our Gospel passage today, we are being reminded of the important missions which God has entrusted to all of us in His Church. The works of the Church and the missions initiated by the Apostles and the disciples of the Lord back then were still far from over, as each and every day, there are ever more opportunities and places, times and moments when there are more and more souls in need of the knowledge of God and His salvation. Many are also still enslaved by the power of sin and darkness, and unless we do something, many of our fellow brothers and sisters will succumb to the darkness and may slip away from the Lord towards eternal damnation. And this is not what we should allow to happen, as long as we can do something to prevent that.

Today, the Church celebrates the Feast of St. Paul Miki and his companions, also known as the Holy Martyrs of Japan or the Twenty-Six Holy Martyrs of Nagasaki. St. Paul Miki himself was a Japanese layman who was born to a rich and noble family. He and his family, like many Japanese of that time, especially in the region of Nagasaki and Kyushu, converted to the Christian faith due to the efforts and hard work of the Jesuit missionaries, who laboured hard and spent a lot of time preaching about the Good News of God to the Japanese. It was told that about three hundred thousand or so Christians, both among the commonsfolk and the nobility existed at that time in Japan, and many more were converting to the faith. St. Paul Miki himself joined the Jesuits or the Society of Jesus after his conversion, and afterwards worked in evangelising his fellow Japanese, gaining many more converts to the Church.

It was at that time that the then de facto ruler of Japan, the Kampaku or Regent, Hideyoshi Toyotomi, who began to fear the influence that Christianity and its apparent supporters, the Western powers like Spain and Portugal, had on Japan, and therefore, began to implement edicts and orders to restrain the spread of the Christian faith, as well as persecuting those who have converted to Christianity, including also the missionaries, both the foreign and local missionaries alike. Many Christians were forced to abandon their faith in the Lord on the pain of persecution and torture, and while some gave in to the temptations and pressures, many others refused to give up their faith and chose to suffer and die for the Lord and for their faith in Him.

In the case of St. Paul Miki, he and other missionaries and Christian converts were arrested and tortured, and after they had been sentenced to death in Kyoto, the then capital of Japan, for refusing to give in to their faith, it was famously told that they were forced to march almost a thousand kilometres from Kyoto to the city of Nagasaki, the place of their martyrdom. While they were marching, tortured and persecuted, they continued to hold up their faith in God confidently, singing the Te Deum, the glorious hymn praising and glorifying God as they went on the journey towards their martyrdom. St. Paul Miki and his companions in martyrdom, all the twenty-six of them were crucified at the hill overlooking the city of Nagasaki, where their shrine now stands today.

Brothers and sisters in Christ, let us all therefore continue to keep in mind God’s great love for us, and hence, show our appreciation and gratitude through our own strong and genuine faith, one that is inspired by the great faith and dedication of the holy saints, our predecessors, particularly those of St. Paul Miki and his companions in holy martyrdom, the Holy Martyrs of Japan. Let us all continue to follow in their footsteps in glorifying God, in proclaiming Him before everyone we encounter in life by living our lives most worthily as Christians, in all circumstances, making great use of every opportunities that God has provided to us. May God be with us always and may He bless each and every one of us, now and forevermore. Amen.

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Thursday, 6 February 2025 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Gospel Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Mark 6 : 7-13

At that time, Jesus called the Twelve to Him, and began to send them out two by two, giving them authority over evil spirits, and He ordered them to take nothing for the journey, except a staff : no food, no bag, no money on their belts. They were to wear sandals and were not to take an extra tunic.

And He added, “In whatever house you are welcomed, stay there until you leave the place. If any place does not receive you, and the people refuse to listen to you, leave after shaking the dust off your feet. It will be a testimony against them.”

So they set out to proclaim that this was the time to repent. They drove out many demons and healed many sick people by anointing them.

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Thursday, 6 February 2025 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Psalm)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Psalm 47 : 2-3ab, 3cd-4, 9, 10-11

Great is YHVH, most worthy of praise in the City of God, His holy mountain. Beautifully elevated, it is the joy of all the earth.

Mount Zion, heavenly mountain, the City of the great King. Here, within her lines of defence, God has shown Himself to be a sure fortress.

As we have heard, so have we seen, in the City of YHVH of hosts, in the City of Our God, the City God founded forever.

Let us recall Your unfailing love, o God, inside Your Temple. Let Your praise, as does Your Name, o God, reach to the ends of the earth. Your right hand is ever victorious.

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Thursday, 6 February 2025 : 4th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (First Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Hebrews 12 : 18-19, 21-24

What you have come to, is nothing known to the senses : nor heat of a blazing fire, darkness and gloom and storms, blasts of trumpet or such a voice that the people pleaded, that no further word be spoken.

The sight was so terrifying, that Moses said : I tremble with fear. But you came near to Mount Zion, to the City of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, with its innumerable Angels. You have come to the solemn feast, the assembly of the firstborn of God, whose names are written in heaven.

There is God, Judge of all, with the spirits of the upright, brought to perfection. There is Jesus, the Mediator of the New Covenant, with the sprinkled Blood that cries out more effectively than Abel’s.

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Tuesday, 6 February 2024 : 5th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today as we all listened to the words of the Scriptures, we are all called to remember the obligations and the focus that all of us should have in the Lord as Christians, that is as those who have believed in the Lord and accepted Him as our God and Saviour. Each and every one of us have been entrusted by the Lord with the Law and commandments which He has taught and shown to us. However, we cannot just be blind followers or merely paying lip service to the Lord through those Law, commandments and obligations. Instead, we must be truly genuine in obeying God, in our wholehearted commitment to follow Him and to do His will, and we must always be filled with love for Him, in committing ourselves wholly to the path that He has led us all into.

In our first reading today, we heard from the Book of Kings of Israel and Judah, in which the King of Israel, the great and renowned King Solomon, dedicated the Temple that he had prepared and built for the Lord, and in today’s passage in particular we heard of the moment when the King prayed on behalf of the whole people, offering their prayers and thanksgiving to the Lord, before the Holy Presence of God present on the Ark of the Covenant. The King thanked and praised the Lord for all the wonders and great things which He had done on behalf and for the sake of all the people, and praised Him for the Covenant which He had made and constantly renewed with all of the people dearly beloved to Him, and showed the humility of the people upon God’s willingness to dwell among them in the humble House which the King had prepared and built for Him.

That House, the Temple of God in Jerusalem, also known popularly as Solomon’s Temple, was far from simple or small, as it was well-known throughout history as a great marvel of mankind’s works, as a grand House and Temple that was built for the purpose of Divine worship. What King Solomon meant was that, no matter how glorious or grand the Temple of Jerusalem might have been, but there is truly no place could have been worthy enough to contain the Lord, the Master of all the whole Universe, the King of Kings and Almighty God, He Who is almighty and all-powerful. But yet, God willingly came down to us, to dwell in our midst, and He wanted to show His people that He truly loved them all, reaching out to them and gathering all of them back to His loving Presence.

But in time, the people’s love and obedience for the Lord became merely a formality, and they did not love Him wholeheartedly anymore. Although King Solomon had been faithful to the Lord during the early years and period of his reign like David his father before him, but in the later part of his reign, he likely became corrupted by power and worldly glory, and he ended up being easily swayed by his many wives and concubines, who caused him to disobey God and to sin against Him, in doing what the Lord had forbidden, by raising altars and idols to the pagan gods to satisfy the needs of those wives and concubines, and this was when political and worldly desires trumped the need for one to be truly faithful and committed to the Lord. The later kings of Israel and Judah after Solomon also often did the same things, in disobeying the Lord and not being truly and wholly committed to Him, and thus leading the people into the path of sin and evil.

In our Gospel passage today, we then heard of the interactions and disagreements between the Lord and the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law who had disagreed with Him and His disciples on how they practiced the Law of God, the various rituals and customs which the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law followed, obeyed and enforced upon the people of God. As a context, the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law were particularly fanatical about their version of obeying and following the many customs and practices of the Jewish people, and they represented an extreme in the particularly strict and rigid application of the Law and the commandments of God. They were a party and faction that were then powerful among the Jewish people who advocated very literal and strict interpretation of the Law, and placed very particular attention to the details of the rituals and practices of the Law.

However, this had led them being overzealous and overly focused on the practices, rituals and customs of the Law that they had forgotten about why the Law and the commandments of God were given to His people in the first place. They placed a lot of barriers and obstacles on the path of the people of God, by treating those who have not obeyed the Law of God in the manner that they preferred and liked, with contempt and opposing them, like what they had done to the Lord and His disciples, stubbornly and fiercely trying to defend their way of obeying and following the Law, even though their fanaticism and efforts ended up making them truly foolish and unable to appreciate and understand the true intention and meaning of the Law, just as the Lord pointed out their folly before the people who were listening to Him. The Lord rebuked those Pharisees and teachers of the Law for their overly exaggerated focus on the externals but failing to understand and appreciate the interior orientation of oneself towards God, which they had neglected.

This is why, we are all therefore also reminded through what we have heard in our Scripture passages today, that we should not be merely paying lip service to the Lord, to His Law and commandments, but we must develop and deepen our relationship with Him, or else, it will be easy for the temptations of worldly matters, attachments, glory and desires to turn us away from the path towards God’s grace. We must not be swayed by worldly temptations of wealth and desires like that of Solomon, or by pride and ego, ambition and greed like those of the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law who had allowed themselves to be tempted and swayed by all those things that they all fell into the path towards their downfall and sin. We must strive to strengthen our faith and dedication to God, and not be easily tempted by hardships, challenges, and the allures of worldly comfort that we may always remain firm in our faith in the Lord.

The Church today also celebrates the Feast of the Holy Japanese Martyrs, the Twenty-Six Martyr Saints of Japan, namely St. Paul Miki and his companions in martyrdom. They were all martyred in the city of Nagasaki, during a time of particularly harsh persecution and repression of Christians throughout the whole region of Japan. At that time, Japan had been a very fertile ground for the Christian faith for a few decades, and the Church was growing rapidly there with the efforts of the missionaries and the support from the local rulers accelerating the process of conversions and the growth of the Church both among the elites of the community as well as among the general population. However, oppositions against the Church and its missionaries grew, and at that time, the de facto ruler of Japan, Hideyoshi Toyotomi feared the foreign ties of the Christian missionaries, and hence, announced edicts that began restricting the activities of Christians, and in some cases, actively persecuting them.

For St. Paul Miki and his companions, they were arrested by the Japanese authorities, and were tortured and made to suffer because of their Christian faith. Among the twenty-six individuals were both foreign Christian missionaries and priests, as well as the local Christian converts, who were all put to suffering and hardships because of their faith. They were all eventually sentenced to death after refusing to betray and abandon their faith in God, and they all chose to suffer and die rather than to give up their Christian faith and beliefs. They were condemned to death and to be punished by crucifixion in an effort of mockery to the death of Christ on the Cross. From Kyoto, the seat of government of the Toyotomi government, St. Paul Miki and his companions, the twenty-six faithful people of God went on a long, almost a thousand kilometres of march to Nagasaki, the site of their martyrdom. They were ridiculed and tortured along the way, but they continued to glorify God and chanted ‘Te Deum’, the glorious hymn in honour of God’s greatness along the entire way.

The perseverance and faith of St. Paul Miki and his faithful companions in martyrdom, the Twenty-Six Holy Martyrs of Japan, all of these have shown us all what it truly means to be Christians, to be full of love and commitment to God, and as they laid crucified on a hill in Nagasaki, their place of martyrdom, pierced by lances in mockery of the Lord’s Crucifixion, they never gave up on their faith and continued to keep their faith in the Lord to the very end, despite having many opportunities to recant their faith and live. They showed their ultimate commitment and love for the Lord, and therefore gained the promise of eternal glory and true happiness in Heaven with God. This is what we are all reminded of today, so that in our own lives, we may also strive to follow the great examples of our holy predecessors, the Twenty-Six Holy Martyrs of Japan. May the Lord, our most loving God and Father, Who has always loved us and cared for us, continue to strengthen our faith, and may the intercession of the Holy Martyrs of Japan be with us always. Amen.

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Tuesday, 6 February 2024 : 5th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs (Gospel Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Mark 7 : 1-13

At that time, one day, the Pharisees gathered around Jesus, and with them were some teachers of the Law who had just come from Jerusalem. They noticed that some of His disciples were eating their meal with unclean hands, that is, without washing them.

Now the Pharisees, and in fact all the Jews, never eat without washing their hands, for they follow the tradition received from their ancestors. Nor do they eat anything, when they come from the market, without first washing themselves. And there are many other traditions they observe; for example, the ritual washing of cups, pots and plates.

So the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not follow the tradition of the elders, but eat with unclean hands?” Jesus answered, “You shallow people! How well Isaiah prophesied of you when he wrote : ‘This people honours Me with their lips, but their heart is far from Me. The worship they offer Me is worthless, for what they teach are only human rules.’ You even put aside the commandment of God to hold fast to human tradition.”

And Jesus commented, “You have a fine way of disregarding the commandments of God in order to enforce your own traditions! For example, Moses said : Do your duty to your father and your mother, and : Whoever curses his father or his mother is to be put to death. But according to you, someone could say to his father or mother, ‘I already declared Corban (which means “offered to God”) what you could have expected from me.’”

“In this case, you no longer require him to do anything for his father or mother; and so you nullify the word of God through the tradition you have handed on. And you do many other things like that.”