holy bishops

by

Saturday, 20 July 2024 : 15th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Apollinaris, Bishop and Martyr (First Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Green or Red (Martyrs) or White (Saturday Mass of Our Lady)

Micah 2 : 1-5

Woe to those who plot wickedness and plan evil even on their beds! When morning comes they do it, as soon as it is within their reach. If they covet fields, they seize them. Do they like houses? They take them. They seize the owner and his household; both, the man and his property.

This is why YHVH speaks, “I am plotting evil against this whole brood, from which your necks cannot escape. No more shall you walk with head held high, for it will be an evil time.” On that day, they will sing a taunting song against you; and a bitter lamentation will be heard, “We have been stripped of our property in our homeland. Who will free us from the wicked who allots our fields.”

Truly, no one will be found in the assembly of YHVH to keep a field for you.

by

Monday, 15 July 2024 : 15th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Bonaventure, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : White

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today all of us are reminded that while God is always ever loving and kind towards us, we must also remember that our sins and wickedness, all the things we do which are not in accordance with God’s ways, all of these are things that He does not condone and in fact despises. And while He is always ever ready and willing to forgive us from those sins, we must not take it for granted, because by the sins which we have left unrepented and unforgiven, we may be judged and condemned by those sins which we have committed. The Lord does not seek our destruction and annihilation, but it is our own conscious refusal of His love, mercy and grace which had brought us deep into this condemnation and destruction.

In our first reading today, we heard from the Book of the prophet Isaiah in which the Lord alluded to the people of Sodom and Gomorrah when referring to His own chosen people, the remnants of the Israelites living in the southern kingdom of Judah. In using that reference to the example of Sodom and Gomorrah, He reminded them all of what had happened to those two cities that were infamous for their debauchery, sinful ways and wickedness, and likely their refusal to repent from their wicked ways, their stubborn attitudes which eventually led to the two cities being destroyed with great fires and brimstone from the sky itself. Thus, the Lord was in fact warning His people that if they continued to walk down the path of sin and evil as they had done up to then, a similar fate would be theirs as well.

As mentioned, this does not mean that God despised or hated His people, but rather, it was their sins and wickedness which He despised and was angry with. As mentioned, they were not truly faithful to the Lord, but were only going through the motions with their celebrations, festivals and worship, which they carried out without true sincerity and love for God. They still committed sins and wicked deeds, and even worshipped other pagan idols and gods, which added on to their list of sins and all the things which further distanced them away from the Lord and His path. The Lord wanted them all to know that if they kept on doing that, and if they continued to disregard the words and the guidance of the many prophets and messengers that He had sent to them to help and guide them, then in the end, there will be nothing but destruction and doom awaiting them.

Then, in our Gospel passage today, we heard from the Gospel of St. Matthew in which the Lord Jesus told His disciples frankly that He came into this world not to bring peace and rejoicing, unlike what many of them would have thought. At that time, it was commonly held that the Messiah awaited by the Jewish people, the Son of David, would restore the glorious days of the old Kingdom of Israel, leading the people of God to freedom and glory once more, bringing an era of peace, harmony and prosperity. The Lord revealed to all of them that this was not the case, as His coming, bringing the truth and His Good News, His love and the assurance of salvation to all mankind, would all face opposition, challenges and rejection from the world that is filled with sin, darkness and evil.

The Lord reminded them all that to be His disciples and followers, it often requires great commitment and desire to follow the Lord wholeheartedly, rejecting the wicked and sinful ways of the world, and embracing His grace, love and righteousness fully, all of which may lead to hardships and sufferings among His disciples and followers. Yet, they must not lose heart because God would be with them, and if they truly follow Him wholeheartedly, He assured them all that no one who had dedicated and committed themselves to God with sincerity would not be rewarded greatly and they will be assured of true happiness and the fullness of grace in God. Thus, this is also a reminder to all of us as Christians that we too should aspire and strive to be truly faithful to the Lord in all things.

Today, the Universal Church also celebrates the Feast of St. Bonaventure, a great bishop and servant of God, who has been honoured as one of the Doctors of the Church for his many contributions, writings and works that serve to glorify God and to proclaim His truth to more and more people. He was born in what is today part of Italy during the High Middle Ages in the early thirteenth century, and while nothing much was known of his early life, he eventually became a Franciscan, inspired by the examples of St. Francis of Assisi, whose prayers according to tradition saved the young St. Bonaventure when he was very sick. Eventually as Franciscan, St. Bonaventure would go on to many great works in both preaching and academia, becoming a lecturer and master in theological matters.

St. Bonaventure was also quite deeply involved in the affairs and workings of the Church at the time, as it was his efforts that helped to secure the election of Blessed Pope Gregory X after a turbulent and tumultuous contested Papal election that lasted three years. As such, the then Pope entrusted St. Bonaventure with many works in the Church, and made him as a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, which was indeed a very great honour at the time. However, despite all these honours and the other responsibilities that he held, St. Bonaventure continued to be humble and devoted himself more to serve the people of God and the Church through his great intellectual efforts, in his many writings that benefit the Church, as well as in his efforts in taking part and spearheading the reforms that were much needed in the Church at the time.

Brothers and sisters in Christ, as we heard from the great life examples shown to us by St. Bonaventure, let us all therefore be more committed to a life that is truly holy and worthy of God. Let us all be ever more courageous to follow God in all things, and to dedicate our efforts to walk in His path despite the many challenges we may encounter and face in our journey of faith. Each and every one of us has been called to follow the Lord, and He has given us all various opportunities and the means for us to do our part in being His worthy and holy disciples. It is now up to us all to make the choice and to decide whether we want to follow Him or whether we want to continue persisting in living a life full of sin and evil.

May the Lord be with us all, and may He continue to help and guide us through His ever patient love and kindness, in helping to inspire us through the great examples of St. Bonaventure and the innumerable other holy men and women, the holy saints and martyrs of God, all of whom had dedicated themselves to the Lord and showed great faith and virtues in their lives. May we continue to strive to do God’s will and live our lives righteously in accordance to His Law and commandments at all times, so that we may truly be good and worthy examples and role models for one another, and through us, God’s truth and love may be revealed more and more to all the people around us. Amen.

by

Monday, 15 July 2024 : 15th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Bonaventure, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (Gospel Reading)

Liturgical Colour : White

Matthew 10 : 34 – Matthew 11 : 1

At that time, Jesus said to His disciples, “Do not think that I have come to establish peace on earth. I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. Each one will have as enemies, those of one’s own family.”

“Whoever loves father or mother more than Me, is not worthy of Me. And whoever loves son or daughter more than Me, is not worthy of Me. And whoever does not take up his cross and follow Me, is not worthy of Me. Whoever finds his life will lose it; but whoever loses his life, for My sake, will find it.”

“Whoever welcomes you, welcomes Me; and whoever welcomes Me, welcomes Him Who sent Me. The one who welcomes a prophet, as a prophet, will receive the reward of a prophet; the one who welcomes a just man, because he is a just man, will receive the reward of a just man.”

“And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones, because he is My disciple, I assure you, he will not go unrewarded.”

When Jesus had finished giving His twelve disciples these instructions, He went on from there to teach and proclaim His message in their towns.

by

Monday, 15 July 2024 : 15th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Bonaventure, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (Psalm)

Liturgical Colour : White

Psalm 49 : 8-9, 16bc-17, 21 and 23

Not for your sacrifices do I reprove you, for your burnt offerings are ever before Me. I need no bull from your stalls, nor he-goat from your pens.

What right have you to mouth My laws, or to talk about My covenant? You hate My commands and cast My words behind you.

Because I was silent while you did these things, you thought I was like you. But now I rebuke you and make this charge against you. Those who give with thanks offerings honour Me, but the one who walks blamelessly, I will show him the salvation of God.

by

Monday, 15 July 2024 : 15th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Bonaventure, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (First Reading)

Liturgical Colour : White

Isaiah 1 : 10-17

Hear the warning of YHVH, rulers of Sodom. Listen to the word of God, people of Gomorrah. “What do I care,” says YHVH, “for your endless sacrifices? I am fed up with your burnt offerings, and the fat of your bulls. The blood of fatlings, and lambs and he-goats I abhor, when you come before Me and trample on My courts. Who asked you to visit Me? I am fed up with your oblations. I grow sick with your incense.

Your New Moons, Sabbaths and meetings, evil with holy assemblies, I can no longer bear. I hate your New Moons and appointed feasts. They burden Me. When you stretch out your hands I will close My eyes; the more you pray, the more I refuse to listen, for your hands are bloody.

Wash and make yourselves clean. Remove from My sight the evil of your deeds. Put an end to your wickedness and learn to do good. Seek justice and keep in line the abusers; give the fatherless their rights and defend the widow.

by

Friday, 28 June 2024 : 12th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Irenaeus, Bishop, Martyr and Doctor of the Church (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today as we listened to the words of the Sacred Scriptures, we are all reminded that if we put our trust in the Lord and follow Him, we shall gain assurance, providence and grace, and we shall be triumphant with Him in the end. Meanwhile, if we place our trust in worldly things and means, then we are likely to face disappointments and defeats handed down to us, as nothing in this world can give us the same assurance and providence as the Lord alone can give us. The examples shown in our Scripture passages today should serve as good examples for us of what will happen to us should we decide to follow the Lord and trust in Him versus putting our trust in the world and all the things it can provide us with, and the choice is ours to make on which path we want to choose in our own respective lives.

In our first reading today, we heard from the Book of Kings of Israel and Judah in which the moments of the final defeat, downfall and destruction of the kingdom of Judah and the city of Jerusalem of the ancient Israelites came to fruition after the people of God had disobeyed Him, disregarded and refused to obey His Law and commandments for a long time, after many of the kings of Israel and Judah had led the people down a path of rebellion and sin, by following and worshipping pagan idols and foreign false gods instead of worshipping and obeying the Lord, their one and only True God, the One Who had liberated all of them from the hands of the Egyptians and their Pharaoh, and led them to the Promised Land where they had been dwelling in all those times.

Their disobedience and sins culminated in this tragic destruction of the lands of Judah and Jerusalem, as well as the many other cities and towns of the land, echoing what had happened about a century and a half earlier on, when the northern kingdom of Israel, the northern half of the kingdom of God’s people, the Israelites, was conquered and destroyed by the forces of the Assyrians, who also destroyed Samaria, the capital of Israel and the many cities belonging to the Israelites, carrying many of its people into exile. Thus, this same fate eventually befell those in the southern kingdom of Judah as well, with this time the Babylonians who came to crush the kingdom of Judah and its capital Jerusalem, also carrying many of its people to exile in distant lands.

All these as mentioned, happened because of the disobedience and sins which were committed by the people of God, in their refusal to follow the path and the Law which the Lord had provided to them, refusing to listen and to heed the words and reminders, the guidance and the help from the many prophets and messengers that God had sent to them to help them in their path. They also chose to trust in man’s power, in worldly powers and means instead of trusting in the Lord, their God. The prophet Jeremiah had warned the king and the people of Judah of the impending destruction, and not to rebel against the King of Babylon, or else Judah and Jerusalem would be destroyed.

Yet, the false prophets and the nobles all encouraged and forced the king to side with the Egyptians to free themselves from the dominion of the Babylonian kingdom, and this led to the rebellion as we heard in our first reading today, and its aftermath, after the King of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar brought his mighty force to besiege and destroy Jerusalem, and how the city was taken, the Temple and its hallowed halls were destroyed, the Ark of the Covenant disappeared, and the last King of Judah and his sons were captured, the former blinded while the latter were killed. All these things happened because of the lack of faith by those Israelites in God and His Divine providence and protection, choosing instead to trust in the worldly powers and false idols.

In our Gospel passage today, we heard from the Gospel of St. Matthew of the account of the moment when the Lord Jesus healed a leper who asked Him to help and heal him from his condition. Leprosy was a condition which was then feared and those who suffered from it were ostracised and cast out from the community, forced to wander off into the desert. This was interestingly the fate of the Israelites after both the kingdoms of Israel and Judah had been conquered and destroyed by Assyria and Babylon respectively, and many of the people of God had to wander off in exile, away in distant lands and cast out from the Promised Land of their ancestors and inheritance.

The Lord healed the leper and made him whole again, and told the leper to follow the customs of the Law, by showing himself to a priest as prescribed so that he could be readmitted once again into the community. Through this and what we have just discussed from our first reading passage today, all of us are reminded that first of all, in God we have the sure hope of salvation and liberation from all the troubles and trials facing us, from the corruption and depredation of sin and evil, represented by the leprosy that afflicted the man. And then, we are also reminded that if we allow worldly temptations and allures, corruptions and distractions to affect us, we will end up suffering like what the people of Israel had suffered in the past. But if we put our faith and trust once again in God, then we can have the sure path out of the darkness and into the light of God’s salvation and grace.

Today, the Church celebrates the Feast of St. Irenaeus, one of the early Church fathers whose life and works, dedication and commitment to God can help inspire and strengthen us in our own paths in life so that we may continue to live worthily and faithfully in God’s Presence. St. Irenaeus lived during the second century, about a century or so after the time of the Lord’s ministry during the height of the Roman Empire and at a time when the Christian faith began to spread widely throughout the Empire, while facing persecutions from the Roman authorities at certain times. He was a priest in the area of Lyon in today’s southern part of France, and eventually became a bishop there. At that time, there were several heresies facing the faithful which threatened the unity of the Church and the salvation of the souls.

Some of these heresies include Montanism, Gnosticism, among others, which did not correspond or adhere to the true teachings of the Lord and to the deposit of faith handed down through the Church from the Apostles. St. Irenaeus spent a lot of time and effort combatting those heresies among his flock and wrote extensively on the matter, especially in his renowned treatise, Adversus Haereses, which literally meant ‘Against Heresies’, reminding the faithful throughout Christendom of the dangers of heresies and falsehoods which could mislead them into the wrong and sinful paths, and encouraging them to remain true to the Holy Mother Church and the true Christian faith. Eventually St. Irenaeus himself also faced martyrdom like many other early Christians of his time, but his many contributions continued to affect the Church for many centuries to come, even to this day.

Brothers and sisters in Christ, having heard the inspirational examples and commitment of St. Irenaeus in living a holy and worthy life in God, and in devoting himself to oppose all the false teachings and heresies that threatened the unity of the Church and the salvation of souls, therefore, all of us should be reminded that we too should also do the same in our own respective lives, in living a truly holy and worthy life centred on God, putting our faith and trust in Him, and helping to lead others around us by example so that more and more may come to know and recognise God and His truth, His love and salvation through us and our lives. Let us all continue to seek God’s grace, mercy and love, asking Him to strengthen us all in our every good efforts, endeavours and works for His greater glory.

May the Lord continue to inspire and strengthen us each day and at every moments of our lives, to be faithful to Him at all times, much as how His great servant, St. Irenaeus, holy bishop and martyr, great Doctor of the Church, had lived his life and inspired so many people after his lifetime. May God be with us all His beloved people and flock, with His Church, now and always. Amen.

by

Friday, 28 June 2024 : 12th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Irenaeus, Bishop, Martyr and Doctor of the Church (Gospel Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Matthew 8 : 1-4

At that time, when Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed Him. Then a leper came forward. He knelt before Him and said, “Sir, if You want to, You can make me clean.”

Jesus stretched out His hand, touched him, and said, “I want to, be clean again.” At that very moment, the man was cleansed from his leprosy. Then Jesus said to him, “See that you do not tell anyone; but go to the priest, have yourself declared clean, and offer the gift that Moses commanded as evidence for them.”

by

Friday, 28 June 2024 : 12th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Irenaeus, Bishop, Martyr and Doctor of the Church (Psalm)

Liturgical Colour : Red

Psalm 136 : 1-2, 3, 4-5, 6

By the streams of Babylon, we sat; and then wept, as we remembered Zion. When, on the poplars, we hung our harps.

Our captors asked for song. Our tormentors wanted songs of joy : “Sing to us one of the songs of Zion!”

How could we sing YHVH’s song in a strange and alien land? If I forget you, o Jerusalem, may my right hand fall useless!

May my tongue cleave to my palate if I remember you not, if Jerusalem is not the first of my joys.

by

Friday, 28 June 2024 : 12th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Irenaeus, Bishop, Martyr and Doctor of the Church (First Reading)

Liturgical Colour : Red

2 Kings 25 : 1-12

In the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched with his entire army and laid siege to Jerusalem. They camped outside the city and built siege works all around it. The city was under siege up to the eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah.

On the ninth day of the fourth month famine became a serious problem in the city, and throughout the land there was no bread for the people. When the city was opened by a breach in the wall, the Judean army fled through the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden, while the Chaldeans were still around the city; and they fled towards the Arabah. The Chaldeans followed in hot pursuit of king Zedekiah and caught up with him in the plains of Jericho. All his army deserted him and scattered.

The Chaldeans seized the king and led him away to Riblah in the territory of Hamath and there the king of Babylon passed sentence on him. There at Riblah the king of Babylon slaughtered the sons of Zedekiah in his presence. He then put out the eyes of Zedekiah, bound him with a double bronze chain and took him to Babylon.

On the seventh day of the fifth month in the nineteenth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, commander of the captain of the royal guard and servant of the king of Babylon, entered Jerusalem and set fire to the House of YHVH and the royal palace, as well as to all the houses in Jerusalem. The Chaldean army under the commander of the bodyguard completely demolished all the walls around Jerusalem.

Nebuzaradan, commander of the bodyguard, carried off into exile the last of the Jews left in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon and the remainder of the artisans. But he left those among the very poor who were capable of working in vineyards and cultivating the soil.

by

Thursday, 27 June 2024 : 12th Week of Ordinary Time, Memorial of St. Cyril of Alexandria, Bishop and Doctor of the Church (Homily and Scripture Reflections)

Liturgical Colour : Green or White (Bishops)

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today we heard from the words of the Sacred Scriptures in which we are all reminded that we must always put our faith and trust in the Lord, and building our lives upon a firm foundation in Him. Otherwise, if we place our trust and faith in the world and whatever things that we depend on in this world instead of putting our faith in the Lord, we will sooner than later realise that our trust in the things and matters of this world, in any of our worldly means and powers will not avail us through the difficult and challenging moments, and it is in the end, the Lord alone is our firm hope and foundation, through Whom we shall receive consolation, strength and providence, and it is He alone Who will not disappoint any one of us.

In our first reading today, we heard from the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah of the continuation of the story of the people of God and the kingdom of Judah, in which we heard today of the last days of the existence of the independent kingdom of Judah, having once again disobeyed the Lord and left the righteous path which the previous King, King Josiah of Judah in our first reading yesterday had highlighted to us, in his efforts and endeavours to bring the people of God back towards obedience and commitment to God. Those efforts were ultimately in vain, as after the passing of King Josiah, the people of God and their kings went back to the path of disobedience and sins against God, and therefore, the kingdom went on its path to its eventual destruction.

Back then, the kingdom of Judah were in between the powerful kingdoms of Egypt and Babylon, with the former having attacked and overcome Judah after defeating King Josiah and his forces in battle earlier in the years prior to the parts mentioned in today’s first reading passage. Egypt subjugated the kingdom of Judah for a while and placed it under its sphere of influence, before as we heard today, the rising power of the Babylonians led to the forces of the King of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar to strike at Judah and Jerusalem, taking over the control and overlordship over Judah from the Egyptians to themselves. We heard how the king of Judah, Jehoiachin and many of the people of Judah were brought off into exile from Jerusalem and Judah after the King of Babylon besieged and attacked Judah and Jerusalem.

All these were likely caused by the people’s lack of faith in God, as they trusted more in worldly powers and in the worldly means, in the play of power and politics, all of which led to the eventual mistakes and repercussions which would end up in the divisions and destructions of the kingdoms of God’s people, as had once happened to the northern kingdom of Israel. The people and king of Judah depended on the Egyptians to protect themselves from the Babylonians, and on other occasions, on the Babylonians to protect themselves against the Egyptians, thinking that by depending on these powers of the world, on their alliances and intricate political links and arrangements that they could get themselves out of trouble and escape their predicament. Little that they know that all these would not avail them at all.

This is why we are all reminded that putting our trust and faith in worldly things and in all of our worldly means and powers will not give us true happiness and satisfaction, and while it may give us temporary reprieve, relief or joy, but in the end, it is with the Lord alone there is true fulfilment, satisfaction and joy, and in the end, if we remain truly faithful to God and trust in Him wholeheartedly, we shall have true joy and glory with Him, and we shall be freed from all the bonds and hardships facing us, and God shall bless us forevermore with the true and lasting peace, happiness and wonders, all of which He has promised to us, and which our holy and worthy predecessors have received and experienced, and which we too should be looking forward to.

In our Gospel passage today, we heard of the words of the Lord Jesus to His disciples and followers telling them all that unless they all have true, genuine and strong faith in Him, they shall not be able to partake in Him or be part of His inheritance, and no one unless those who truly anchored themselves in Him and in His truth will be able to bear through the many challenges, obstacles and hardships that they may likely encounter throughout their lives and existence in this world. The Lord used the parable of the houses and their foundations of sand and firm rock to highlight and explain these things to His disciples and followers, to make it clear that putting our faith in worldly things and in our worldly means and powers, as mentioned in the first reading today, is just like building our houses on the weak foundation of sand, and which will be easily toppled and destroyed.

Meanwhile, if we put our faith and trust in the Lord, as He Himself said, that it is like building upon the firm foundation of our faith in Him, and in His rock-solid commitment to us and to the Covenant which He had established with all of us. This is also a reminder for us that siding and putting our faith with the Lord, trusting and following Him do not mean that we will be free from challenges, hardships and obstacles in life. On the contrary, we may encounter even more difficulties, trials and oppositions than if we are to side with the world instead. However, with God by our side, as our firm foundation and as our Strength and Protector, we can be assured that we will be triumphant in the end of our journey and struggles throughout life.

Today, the Church celebrates the feast of a great Church father and man of God, whose life and inspirations can strengthen and empower us all in how we can live a more worthy and committed life in the Lord. St. Cyril of Alexandria was the Patriarch of Alexandria during the tumultuous time of the late Roman Empire, at the early fifth century, four centuries after the time of the Lord and His Apostles. At that time, the Church was divided between various sides who supported different heretical teachings, as well as those who upheld the true, orthodox and genuine faith in God. After the great troubles earlier on with Arianism and its false teachings, there then rose the heresy of Nestorianism, in which the nature of Our Lord’s Divinity and the relationship between His Divinity and Humanity was confused.

St. Cyril of Alexandria committed himself to the Lord and to the Church rather early in his life although details were rather scant on this part of his life, and eventually he rose to the position of priest, experiencing the theological disputes and the difficulties arising from the divisions within the Church at the time. He was appointed as the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and it was told that there was disagreements and rioting in Alexandria between his supporters and those who supported his rival, the Archdeacon Timotheus. There were then also disputes with the local prefect and the Church hierarchy in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire which at that time were corrupt and infringing upon the rights and the practices of the Church, and eventually also siding with the Nestorians and their heretical teachings. St. Cyril of Alexandria courageously stood up against all these challenges and obstacles in his many years as the leader of his flock in Alexandria and beyond.

The disputes and disagreements with Nestorius, who was then the powerful and influential Archbishop of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern half of the Roman Empire eventually led to the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, in which after a long struggle, disputations and efforts from both sides, those who supported and defended the true Christian faith, that is the orthodox party, led by St. Cyril of Alexandria and many of his holy and faithful contemporaries eventually triumphed, and managed to get the false teachings of Nestorius to be condemned as heresy, managing to affirm the belief that the Divine and Human natures of the Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God and Son of Man are not separated unlike what Nestorius claimed, but rather, united perfectly in love in the One Person of Our Lord and Saviour Himself. St. Cyril faced many hardships and challenges throughout all these times, and had to face opposition from many people even after the Council of Ephesus had decided on the matter, but nonetheless, he carried out his mission faithfully to the end of his life.

Brothers and sisters in Christ, let us all therefore reflect upon what we have just discussed in the Scriptures and from the life and works of St. Cyril of Alexandria, holy servant of God and bishop. Let us all continue to commit ourselves to the Lord, doing whatever we can so that by our exemplary lives and works, we may always live lives that are worthy of God, truly holy and righteous in all things. May all of us be blessed and be strengthened, guided and empowered by God, our Lord and Master in all that we do, and be those who place their trust in God and build the foundation of our lives and faith firmly in Him, now and always. Amen.