Liturgical Colour : White
Psalm 115 : 12-13, 14-15, 16-17
How can I repay the Lord for all His goodness to me? I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the Name of the Lord.
I will fulfil my vows to the Lord in the presence of all His people. It is painful to the Lord to see the death of His faithful.
O Lord, I am Your servant, truly Your servant, Your handmaid’s son. You have freed me from my bonds. I will offer You a thanksgiving sacrifice; I will call on the Name of the Lord.
Liturgical Colour : White
Acts 9 : 31-42
Meanwhile, the Church had peace. It was building up throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria with eyes turned to the Lord and filled with comfort from the Holy Spirit.
As Peter travelled around, he went to visit the saints who lived in Lydda. There he found a man named Aeneas who was paralysed, and had been bedridden for eight years. Peter said to him, “Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you; get up and make your bed!”
And the man got up at once. All the people living in Lydda and Sharon saw him and turned to the Lord. There was a disciple in Joppa named Tabitha, which means Dorcas or Gazelle. She was always doing good works and helping the poor. At that time she fell sick and died. After having washed her body, they laid her in the upstairs room.
As Lydda is near Joppa, the disciples, on hearing that Peter was there, sent two men to him with the request, “Please come to us without delay.” So Peter went with them. On his arrival they took him upstairs to the room. All the widows crowded around him in tears, showing him the clothes that Dorcas had made while she was with them.
Peter made them them all leave the room and then he knelt down and prayed. Turning to the dead body he said, “Tabitha, stand up.” She opened her eyes, looked at Peter and sat up. Peter gave her his hand and helped her up. Then he called in the saints and widows and presented her to them alive.
This became known throughout all of Joppa and many people believed in the Lord because of it.
Liturgical Colour : White or Red (Martyrs)
Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, as we listened to the words of the Sacred Scripture today we are all reminded that as Christians, as God’s holy and beloved people, we should always strive to take refuge in God and to believe wholeheartedly in Him. All of us should remember how in this world we often face a lot of challenges and hardships, trials and difficulties in living our lives faithfully as the disciples and followers of God. Yet, we must not lose faith in Him and we should continue to dedicate ourselves wholeheartedly to the Lord for it is in Him alone that we have the sure hope of salvation and true satisfaction, fulfilment and liberation from all the darkness around us that have kept us chained and shackled from true freedom that can be found in God alone.
In our first reading today, taken from the Acts of the Apostles, we heard of the moment when the two Apostles, St. Peter and St. John, was released from the custody and incarceration by the Sanhedrin or the Jewish High Council after they performed a miracle at the gate of the Temple of Jerusalem. They also spoke courageously among the people of God about the Messiah, Jesus Christ, Who had just risen from the dead. Such things had been expressly forbidden by the Jewish elders and leaders, as they did not want the disciples to be preaching, teaching or performing miracles in the Name of Jesus, Whom the Sanhedrin had labelled as a False Messiah and blasphemer, and which by their actions and machinations had managed to condemn to death through the Romans, only for Him to rise gloriously from the dead on the third day after, and continuing His works through His disciples.
But despite the many threats and oppositions against them, the two Apostles, St. Peter and St. John did not let those to deter them from doing what the Lord had entrusted to them. They stood courageously before the whole Sanhedrin and spoke fearlessly in the truth of the Risen Lord, and as we heard in our first reading passage, they went forth free and back to the Christian community with the great joy and courage from the Lord, as they strengthened each other and prayed for God’s guidance and protection, for His providence and the strength to persevere through the many challenges and difficulties that had surrounded them, to persevere against the oppressions and difficulties which they had faced as God’s people, in being oppressed for their faith in the Lord and His truth. The Apostles prayed as a reminder to all of the people of God, and hence to all of us that we are all not alone in our struggles in this world as God’s followers and disciples.
Then, from our Gospel passage today, we listened from the Gospel according to St. John the Apostle and Evangelist in which the interaction between the Lord Jesus and Nicodemus was recounted to us, where Nicodemus, a member of the Pharisee and the Sanhedrin, one of the few that were favourable and friendly to the Lord, came to the Lord at night in order to avoid being found out by the other Pharisees and Sanhedrin member. And Nicodemus asked the Lord with regards to His teachings and what He had brought into the midst of the people of God. The Lord told him about the matter of being ‘born again in the Spirit’ which confused Nicodemus at first because he was thinking of the natural birth that every humans went through, and how could man be born again in that manner. But the Lord was truly speaking about the rebirth that all the people of God experienced when they received the grace of the Sacrament of Baptism.
Yes, brothers and sisters in Christ, all of us who have been baptised in the Lord and become members of His Church have truly been born again in the Spirit, and have received the grace of God in us, and therefore, by this great gift of grace and salvation from God, all of us are reminded to remain firm in our faith in God and not to be easily swayed and tempted by the ways of the world around us. We should not give in to the pressures and the threats of the world around us to conform to worldly ways and attachments. Instead, we should always strive to live lives that are truly worthy of God, doing our very best to be good and worthy role models for our fellow brothers and sisters around us, and also for all those whom we encounter daily in life, in our workplaces and others. This is how we proclaim the Risen Lord and His truth to the world, just as He has commanded us to do.
Today, the Church celebrates the Feast of St. Peter Chanel, and also St. Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort, and both of these holy men of God lived their lives in the manner that were truly extraordinary, in their dedication to God and to the people of God. St. Peter Chanel was a French priest and missionary who received the calling to become a missionary, proclaiming God’s Word and Good News to the people in distant lands after having read the inspiring stories shared by the letters sent by the missionaries working in America, in the New World among the natives there. St. Peter Chanel joined the seminary and was eventually ordained as a priest, becoming a missionary just as he has always wished. Initially however, he was assigned a role as a parish priest in France, which he did wonderfully before he was able to go for his mission.
Then, St. Peter Chanel eventually joined the missionary Society of Mary, where he was sent with some other missionaries to the region of southwestern Pacific, where after a very long journey from France, eventually reached Tahiti, then Tonga and Futuna. It was at Futuna where St. Peter Chanel would carry out the rest of his mission, as he preached to the local people. And when quite a number of the locals began to embrace the Catholic faith, including that of Futuna’s king’s son, therefore the initially warm welcome the king extended to St. Peter Chanel and the other missionaries became hostile, and it ended up with St. Peter Chanel being martyred by the king’s son-in-law and others who were hostile to the Christian faith.
Meanwhile, St. Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort was another renowned French priest who was particularly noted for his great influence and writings on Mariology, emphasising a lot on various Marian devotions and practices as ways for the faithful to reach the Lord. Like St. Peter Chanel, he was also inspired since his youth to be a missionary, and for him, he was called to minister to the poor and the less fortunate, and after having joined the seminary, with his great devotion to Mary in particular, St. Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort grew in his faith and experience, eventually becoming a great priest and preacher, spending many years proclaiming the Word of God and the Good News to the people around him and in all the regions where he ministered in. He worked tirelessly for many years until he passed away after intense sixteen years of service to the Lord as a priest.
Therefore, brothers and sisters in Christ, let us all hence be truly faithful Christians in all the things that we say and do, and follow in the footsteps of our holy predecessors, particularly that of St. Peter Chanel and St. Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort. We do not have to go far or do what they themselves had done, as each one of us were called by the Lord in our own unique ways, with the various gifts and talents that He had provided and presented to us. Let us all be the shining beacons of Christ’s Light and truth, the hope and the salvation that He has presented to the world and to all the people, and let us all, in our own small little ways in life, in our actions and deeds, in our every words and interactions, be good role models and examples for one another, now and always. Amen.
Liturgical Colour : White or Red (Martyrs)
John 3 : 1-8
At that time, among the Pharisees there was a ruler of the Jews named Nicodemus. He came to Jesus by night and said, “Rabbi, we know that You have come from God to teach us, for no one can perform miraculous signs like Yours unless God is with Him.”
Jesus replied, “Truly, I say to you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again from above.” Nicodemus said, “How can there be rebirth for a grown man? Who could go back to his mother’s womb and be born again?” Jesus replied, “Truly, I say to you : No one can enter the kingdom of God without being born of water and Spirit. What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit.”
“Because of this, do not be surprised when I say, ‘You must be born again from above.’ The wind blows where it pleases and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it is going. It is like that with everyone who is born of the Spirit.”
Liturgical Colour : White or Red (Martyrs)
Psalm 2 : 1-3, 4-6, 7-9
Why do the nations conspire? Why do the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth brace themselves and the rulers together take their stand against the Lord and His Anointed. They say, “Let us break their bonds! Let us cast away their chains!”
The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord looks at them in derision. Then in anger He speaks to them, terrifying them in the fury of His wrath : “Behold the King I have installed, in Zion, upon My holy hill!”
I will proclaim the decree of the Lord. He said to Me : “You are My Son. This day I have begotten You. Ask of Me and I will give You the nations for Your inheritance, the ends of the earth for Your possession. You shall rule them with iron sceptre and shatter them as a potter’s vase.”
Liturgical Colour : White or Red (Martyrs)
Acts 4 : 23-31
As soon as Peter and John were set free, they went to their friends and reported what the chief priests and elders had said to them. When they heard it, they raised their voices as one and called upon God, “Sovereign Lord, Maker of heaven and earth, of the sea and everything in them, You have put these words in the mouth of David, our father and Your servant, through the Holy Spirit : Why did the pagan nations rage and the people conspire in folly? The kings of the were aligned and the princes gathered together against the Lord and against His Messiah.”
“For indeed in this very city Herod with Pontius Pilate, and the pagans together with the people of Israel conspired against Your holy Servant Jesus, Whom You anointed. Thus, indeed, they brought about whatever Your powerful will had decided from all time would happen. But now, Lord, see their threats against us and enable Your servants to speak Your word with all boldness. Stretch out Your hand to heal and to work signs and wonders through the Name of Jesus Your holy Servant.”
When they had prayed, the place where they were gathered together shook, and they were all filled with Holy Spirit and began to speak the word of God boldly.
Liturgical Colour : Purple/Violet
Dear brothers and sisters in Christ, today as we all listened to the words of the Scriptures, we are reminded of the dangers of sin that can corrupt us and lead us down the wrong path of rebellion and disobedience against God, and eventually we all may fall into the eternal damnation and suffering in Hell, if we are not careful with how we carry out our lives. We are reminded that we should not easily be tempted by the temptations of the flesh, of pleasures and desires that can lead us deeper and deeper into sin. At the same time, we are also reminded that God has always been generous in His mercy and desire to forgive us all our sins and faults, and He has always reached out to us lovingly, giving us many means for us to find the way to God’s salvation.
In our first reading today, we heard from the Book of the prophet Daniel in which the story of Susanna, an Israelite woman who was prominent in the exile community in Babylon in her predicament when she was faced with false accusation by two of the elders of the people who lusted over her and tried to force their way with her. Those elders wanted to prevent anyone from knowing their wicked deeds and therefore, they used their influence and great respect within the community to push the community to condemn Susanna to death, so that by this action, she might be silenced and then their wicked deeds would not be discovered. But before they managed to carry out such a wicked action, the Lord intervened on behalf of His faithful and righteous one, saving Susanna from certain death through Daniel.
Empowered and inspired by the Holy Spirit, Daniel spoke the word of God and proclaimed His Wisdom before the people, showing how the plots and the wickedness of the two elders would be uncovered, and how the righteous would be provided for by God. We heard how Daniel, by the power of the Holy Spirit, unveiled the wicked intentions and lies of the two elders which led to the vindication of Susanna and for the two elders to be punished instead. This is an important reminder for all of us that we should not allow sin to have its way with us, or else, like those two elders, we will end up committing more sin, one after another. And that may lead us to destruction in the end, as those elders had experienced. In this time and season of Lent, we have been reminded and given the opportunities to reconcile ourselves with the Lord and to come back towards Him.
Then, from our Gospel passage today taken from the Gospel of St. John the Apostle and Evangelist, we heard of the time when the Lord Jesus encountered a group of Pharisees and teachers of the Law who sought to trap Him with the case of a woman who had been caught in the act of adultery. According to the Jewish laws and customs, especially the extra strict and rigid rule enforced and followed by the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law, such an act of adultery would have led to punishment by stoning to death. That was why the Pharisees asked and pressured the Lord to respond to the case of the adulterous woman with the wicked intention of hoping that they could find something wrong in what He was to say and therefore they could accuse Him or advance their own cause.
For example, if the Lord had said that the adulterous woman should be forgiven and shown mercy, as His enemies would have expected Him to do, given His penchant for outreach to sinners like prostitutes and tax collectors, then the Pharisees could accuse the Lord of colluding and siding with sinners, disobeying and refusing to obey the commandments of the Law of God. On the other hand, if the Lord said that the adulterous woman ought to be stoned for the sin that she had committed, then it was exactly what the Pharisees themselves would have done, and thus they could add on or gain to their own popularity and cause by claiming that what the Lord Jesus taught was affirming the teachings and the ways of the Pharisees.
But the Lord calmly evaded the argument as we all have heard, while those Pharisees continued to pressure Him to take action on the adulterous woman. It was there and then that the Lord in His Divine Wisdom told those people that if any one among them had no sin in them, then that person could cast the first stone to be thrown at the woman. And we heard how one by one, all those people left, beginning from the oldest, who likely had committed the most sins and disobedience to God, to the youngest ones among them. The truth is that, there was indeed one person there at that place who was without sin, and that was none other than the Lord Jesus Himself. And although He could indeed have cast the first stone, Jesus showed us all the meaning and importance of God’s generous mercy and forgiveness.
He showed this to us all by forgiving that woman from her sins, pardoning her from the faults that she had made. Not only that, but as we heard, the Lord also told the woman that she should sin no more and live her life in the manner that is worthy of God from then on. And it is here exactly where we are reminded of what God has always desired to do with us, to forgive us all our sins and to bring us back to His loving embrace, while at the same time reminding us that we should no longer disobey Him, or to remain in the state of sin. Instead, all of us are called to embrace wholeheartedly the mercy which God has for us, and to change our way of life so that we are no longer corrupted and defiled by sin and its allures, showing that we truly commit ourselves to God and to His path of righteousness and virtue.
Today, the Church celebrates the Feast of St. John Baptist de la Salle, a saint whose life and examples can be inspiration to many of us in how we ourselves ought to live our Christian faith and way of life each day. St. John Baptist de la Salle is the founder of the Institute of the Brothers of Christian Schools or also known well as the De La Salle Brothers. He was born in Reims in what is today France where since a young age he has been intended for service to God, eventually becoming the canon at Reims Cathedral and then ordained as a priest after a short period of time taking care of his immediate family, his brothers and sisters after the sudden passing of his parents. St. John Baptist de la Salle was inspired for his future role in the Catholic education through his interactions and works with the Sisters of the Child Jesus as he assisted them in establishing a school in Reims.
Eventually this inspired the then young priest, St. John Baptist de la Salle to dedicate himself in the area of education after seeing how so many young children did not have the opportunity for education due to the nature of that time’s society and how education worked then, being mostly reserved for those in the higher strata and echelons of the society. Without proper education, those children, especially the poorest, the weakest and the least among them had little chance to improve their lives or to have some sorts of economic improvement and social mobility. This inspired St. John Baptist de la Salle to establish the Institute of the Brothers of Christian Schools, calling together more men who were willing to follow in his examples and passion to work for the less fortunate. And that was how the Institute of the Brothers of Christian Schools eventually grew until today where they were involved extensively in education all around the world.
Brothers and sisters in Christ, let us all therefore continue to live our lives faithfully in the manner that the Lord had taught and shown us, and let us all be inspired by St. John Baptist de la Salle and our many other holy predecessors in how they all devoted themselves to the Lord, doing their best such that they were truly worthy of God in all of their actions. Let us all distance ourselves from sin and from all sorts of wicked things in life. Let us embrace God’s mercy and forgiveness, humbly asking Him to forgive us our faults, trespasses and all the things which we have committed in our daily lives. May God continue to strengthen us and empower us in our lives, and may He bless us with the perseverance to endure the challenges and struggles in life, so that we may draw ever closer to Him, and make best use of this Lenten season to commit ourselves anew to God, to be more faithful to Him, to sin no more and to live a new life in God’s grace. Amen.
Liturgical Colour : Purple/Violet
John 8 : 1-11
At that time, Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. At daybreak He appeared in the Temple again. All the people came to Jesus, and He sat down and began to teach them. Then the teachers of the Law and the Pharisees brought in a woman who had been caught in the act of adultery. They made her stand in front of everyone.
“Master,” they said, “this woman has been caught in the act of adultery. Now the Law of Moses orders that such women be stoned to death; but You, what do You say?” They said this to test Jesus, in order to have some charge against Him. Jesus bent down and started writing on the ground with His finger. And as they continued to ask Him, He straightened up and said to them, “Let anyone among you who has no sin be the first to throw a stone at her.” And He bent down again, writing on the ground.
As a result of these words, they went away, one by one, starting with the elders, and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before Him. Then Jesus stood up and said to her, “Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?” She replied, “No one.” And Jesus said, “Neither do I condemn you; go away and do not sin again.”
Liturgical Colour : Purple/Violet
Psalm 22 : 1-3a, 3b-4, 5-6
The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul.
He guides me through the right paths for His Name’s sake. Although I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are beside me : Your rod and Your staff comfort me.
You spread a table before me in the presence of my foes. You anoint my head with oil; my cup is overflowing.
Goodness and kindness will follow me all the days of my life. I shall dwell in the house of the Lord as long as I live.
Liturgical Colour : Purple/Violet
Daniel 13 : 1-9, 15-17, 19-30, 33-62
There lived in Babylon a man named Joakim, who was married to a very beautiful God-fearing woman, Susanna, Hilkiah’s daughter, whose pious parents had trained her in the law of Moses. A very rich man and greatly respected by all the Jews, Joakim was frequently visited by the Jews in his house adjoining a garden.
That year, two elders of the people were appointed judges, in whom this word of the Lord became true, “Wickedness has come forth from Babylon, through the elders appointed judges, who were supposed to govern the people.” These men frequented Joakim’s house, and all who had legal disputes used to come to them.
After the people had left at noon, Susanna would go into her husband’s garden for a walk. The two old men began to lust for her as they watched her enter the garden every day. Forgetting the demands of justice and virtue, their lust grew all the more as they made no effort to turn their eyes to heaven.
One day, as they were waiting for an opportune time, Susanna entered the garden as usual with only two maids. She decided to bathe, for it was a hot day. Nobody else was there except the two elders watching her from where they had hidden themselves. She said to the maids, “Bring me oil and ointments, and shut the garden doors while I bathe.”
When the maids had left, the two elders hurried to her and said, “Look, the garden doors are shut and no one sees us. We desire to posses you. If you refuse to give in, we will testify that you sent your maids away for there was a young man here with you.” Susanna moaned, “Whatever I do, I am trapped. If I give in to your desire, it will be death for me; if I refuse, I will not escape your persecution. I would rather be persecuted than sin in the eyes of the Lord.”
Susanna shrieked, but the old men shouted, putting the blame on her. One of them ran and opened the garden doors. Hearing the noise in the garden, the household servants rushed in by the side entrance to see what was happening. They were taken aback when they heard the elders’ accusation, for never had anything like this been said of Susanna.
The next day a meeting was held at Joakim’s house. The two elders arrived, vindictively determined to have Susanna sentenced to death. They ordered before all the people, “Send for Susanna, Hilkiah’s daughter and Joakim’s wife.” They sent for her, and she came with her parents, children and all her relatives. Her family and all who saw her wept.
The two elders stood up and laid their hands upon her head. Completely trusting in the Lord, she raised her tearful eyes to heaven. The elders started making their accusation, “We were taking a walk in the garden when this woman came in with two maids. She ordered them to shut the garden doors and dismissed them. Then a young man came out of hiding and lay with her. We were in a corner in the garden, and we saw this crime from there.”
“We ran to them, and caught them in the act of embracing. We were unable to take hold of the man. He was too strong for us. He made a dash for the door, opened it and ran off. But we were able to seize this woman. We asked her who the young man was, but she refused to tell us. This is our statement, and we testify to its truth.”
The assembly took their word, since they were elders and judges of the people. Susanna was condemned to death. She cried aloud, “Eternal God, nothing is hidden from You; You know all things before they come to be. You know that these men have testified falsely against me. Would You let me die, though I am not guilty of all their malicious charges?”
The Lord heard her, and as she was being led to her execution, God aroused the Holy Spirit residing in a young lad named Daniel. He shouted, “I will have no part in the death of this woman!” Those present turned to him, “What did you say?” they all asked.
Standing in their midst, he said to them, “Have you become fools, you Israelites, to condemn a daughter of Israel without due process and in the absence of clear evidence? Return to court, for those men have falsely testified against her.” Hurriedly they returned, and the elders said to Daniel, “Come and sit with us, for you also possess the gifts bestowed by God upon the elders.”
Daniel said to the people, “Separate these two men from one another and I will examine each of them.” When the two elders were separated from each other, Daniel called one of them and said, “How wicked you have grown with age. Your sins of earlier days have piled up against you, and now is the time of reckoning.”
“Remember how you have passed unjust sentences, condemning the innocent and freeing the guilty, although the Lord has said, ‘The innocent and the just should not be put to death.’ Now, if you really witnessed the crime, under what tree did you see them do it?”
The elder answered, “Under a mastic tree.” Daniel said, “Your lie will cost you your head. You will be cut in two, as soon as the Lord’s Angel receives your sentence from God.” Putting the first one aside, Daniel called the other elder and said to him, “You offspring of Canaan and not of Judah, you have long allowed yourself to be perverted by lust.”
“This is how you have dealt with the daughters of Israel, who out of fear have yielded to you. But here is a daughter of Judah who would not tolerate your wickedness. Tell me then, under what tree did you catch them committing the crime?”
The answer came, “Under an oak.” “Your lie has also cost you your head,” Daniel said. “God’s Angel waits to cut you both in two.” The whole assembly shouted and blessed God for helping those who hope in Him. They turned against the two elders who, through Daniel’s efforts, had been convicted by their own mouths. In accordance with Moses’ law, the penalty the two elders had intended to impose upon their neighbour was inflicted upon them. They were sentenced to death. Thus was the life of an innocent woman spared that day.
Alternative reading (shorter version)
Daniel 13 : 41c-62
Susanna was condemned to death. She cried aloud, “Eternal God, nothing is hidden from You; You know all things before they come to be. You know that these men have testified falsely against me. Would You let me die, though I am not guilty of all their malicious charges?”
The Lord heard her, and as she was being led to her execution, God aroused the Holy Spirit residing in a young lad named Daniel. He shouted, “I will have no part in the death of this woman!” Those present turned to him, “What did you say?” they all asked.
Standing in their midst, he said to them, “Have you become fools, you Israelites, to condemn a daughter of Israel without due process and in the absence of clear evidence? Return to court, for those men have falsely testified against her.” Hurriedly they returned, and the elders said to Daniel, “Come and sit with us, for you also possess the gifts bestowed by God upon the elders.”
Daniel said to the people, “Separate these two men from one another and I will examine each of them.” When the two elders were separated from each other, Daniel called one of them and said, “How wicked you have grown with age. Your sins of earlier days have piled up against you, and now is the time of reckoning.”
“Remember how you have passed unjust sentences, condemning the innocent and freeing the guilty, although the Lord has said, ‘The innocent and the just should not be put to death.’ Now, if you really witnessed the crime, under what tree did you see them do it?”
The elder answered, “Under a mastic tree.” Daniel said, “Your lie will cost you your head. You will be cut in two, as soon as the Lord’s Angel receives your sentence from God.” Putting the first one aside, Daniel called the other elder and said to him, “You offspring of Canaan and not of Judah, you have long allowed yourself to be perverted by lust.”
“This is how you have dealt with the daughters of Israel, who out of fear have yielded to you. But here is a daughter of Judah who would not tolerate your wickedness. Tell me then, under what tree did you catch them committing the crime?”
The answer came, “Under an oak.” “Your lie has also cost you your head,” Daniel said. “God’s Angel waits to cut you both in two.” The whole assembly shouted and blessed God for helping those who hope in Him. They turned against the two elders who, through Daniel’s efforts, had been convicted by their own mouths. In accordance with Moses’ law, the penalty the two elders had intended to impose upon their neighbour was inflicted upon them. They were sentenced to death. Thus was the life of an innocent woman spared that day.
petercanisiusmichaeldavidkang 